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Kubernetes v4.18.3 published on Thursday, Oct 31, 2024 by Pulumi
Guestbook App with Redis and Nginx
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In this tutorial, we’ll build and deploy the standard Kubernetes Guestbook example using Pulumi.
The guestbook is a simple, multi-tier web application that uses Redis and Nginx, powered by Docker containers and
Kubernetes. The primary difference between this example and the standard Kubernetes one is that we’ll be authoring it in
TypeScript instead of YAML, and we’ll deploy it using pulumi rather than kubectl. This gives us the full power of
general-purpose languages, combined with immutable infrastructure, delivering a robust and repeatable update experience.
The code for this tutorial is available on GitHub.
Objectives
- Start up a Redis leader
- Start up Redis replicas
- Start up the guestbook frontend
- Expose and view the frontend service
- Clean up
Before you begin
You need to have the Pulumi CLI and a working Kubernetes cluster.
Running the Guestbook
The guestbook application uses Redis to store its data. It writes its data to a Redis leader instance and reads data from multiple Redis replica instances.
Normally we would write YAML files to configure them, and then run kubectl commands to create and manage the services.
Instead of doing that, we will author our program in code and deploy it with pulumi.
To start, we’ll need to create a project and stack (a deployment target) for our new project:
Create and Configure a Project
To create a new Pulumi project, let’s use a template:
$ mkdir k8s-guestbook && cd k8s-guestbook $ pulumi new kubernetes-typescript$ mkdir k8s-guestbook && cd k8s-guestbook $ pulumi new kubernetes-python$ mkdir k8s-guestbook && cd k8s-guestbook $ pulumi new kubernetes-go$ mkdir k8s-guestbook && cd k8s-guestbook $ pulumi new kubernetes-csharpThis command will initialize a fresh project in the
k8s-guestbooknewly-created directory.Next, replace the minimal contents of the template’s main file with the full guestbook code:
// index.ts import * as k8s from "@pulumi/kubernetes"; import * as pulumi from "@pulumi/pulumi"; // Create only services of type `ClusterIP` // for clusters that don't support `LoadBalancer` services const config = new pulumi.Config(); const useLoadBalancer = config.getBoolean("useLoadBalancer"); // // REDIS LEADER. // const redisLeaderLabels = { app: "redis-leader" }; const redisLeaderDeployment = new k8s.apps.v1.Deployment("redis-leader", { spec: { selector: { matchLabels: redisLeaderLabels }, template: { metadata: { labels: redisLeaderLabels }, spec: { containers: [ { name: "redis-leader", image: "redis", resources: { requests: { cpu: "100m", memory: "100Mi" } }, ports: [{ containerPort: 6379 }], }, ], }, }, }, }); const redisLeaderService = new k8s.core.v1.Service("redis-leader", { metadata: { name: "redis-leader", labels: redisLeaderDeployment.metadata.labels, }, spec: { ports: [{ port: 6379, targetPort: 6379 }], selector: redisLeaderDeployment.spec.template.metadata.labels, }, }); // // REDIS REPLICA. // const redisReplicaLabels = { app: "redis-replica" }; const redisReplicaDeployment = new k8s.apps.v1.Deployment("redis-replica", { spec: { selector: { matchLabels: redisReplicaLabels }, template: { metadata: { labels: redisReplicaLabels }, spec: { containers: [ { name: "replica", image: "pulumi/guestbook-redis-replica", resources: { requests: { cpu: "100m", memory: "100Mi" } }, // If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to instead access an environment // variable to find the leader's host, change `value: "dns"` to read `value: "env"`. env: [{ name: "GET_HOSTS_FROM", value: "dns" }], ports: [{ containerPort: 6379 }], }, ], }, }, }, }); const redisReplicaService = new k8s.core.v1.Service("redis-replica", { metadata: { name: "redis-replica", labels: redisReplicaDeployment.metadata.labels }, spec: { ports: [{ port: 6379, targetPort: 6379 }], selector: redisReplicaDeployment.spec.template.metadata.labels, }, }); // // FRONTEND // const frontendLabels = { app: "frontend" }; const frontendDeployment = new k8s.apps.v1.Deployment("frontend", { spec: { selector: { matchLabels: frontendLabels }, replicas: 3, template: { metadata: { labels: frontendLabels }, spec: { containers: [ { name: "frontend", image: "pulumi/guestbook-php-redis", resources: { requests: { cpu: "100m", memory: "100Mi" } }, // If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to instead access an environment // variable to find the leader's host, change `value: "dns"` to read `value: "env"`. env: [{ name: "GET_HOSTS_FROM", value: "dns" /* value: "env"*/ }], ports: [{ containerPort: 80 }], }, ], }, }, }, }); const frontendService = new k8s.core.v1.Service("frontend", { metadata: { labels: frontendDeployment.metadata.labels, name: "frontend", }, spec: { type: useLoadBalancer ? "LoadBalancer" : "ClusterIP", ports: [{ port: 80 }], selector: frontendDeployment.spec.template.metadata.labels, }, }); // Export the frontend IP. export let frontendIp: pulumi.Output<string>; if (useLoadBalancer) { frontendIp = frontendService.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip; } else { frontendIp = frontendService.spec.clusterIP; }# __main__.py import pulumi from pulumi_kubernetes.apps.v1 import Deployment from pulumi_kubernetes.core.v1 import Service, Namespace # Create only services of type `ClusterIP` # for clusters that don't support `LoadBalancer` services config = pulumi.Config() useLoadBalancer = config.get_bool("useLoadBalancer") redis_leader_labels = { "app": "redis-leader", } redis_leader_deployment = Deployment( "redis-leader", spec={ "selector": { "match_labels": redis_leader_labels, }, "replicas": 3, "template": { "metadata": { "labels": redis_leader_labels, }, "spec": { "containers": [{ "name": "redis-leader", "image": "redis", "resources": { "requests": { "cpu": "100m", "memory": "100Mi", }, }, "ports": [{ "container_port": 6379, }], }], }, }, }) redis_leader_service = Service( "redis-leader", metadata={ "name": "redis-leader", "labels": redis_leader_labels }, spec={ "ports": [{ "port": 6379, "target_port": 6379, }], "selector": redis_leader_labels }) redis_replica_labels = { "app": "redis-replica", } redis_replica_deployment = Deployment( "redis-replica", spec={ "selector": { "match_labels": redis_replica_labels }, "replicas": 3, "template": { "metadata": { "labels": redis_replica_labels, }, "spec": { "containers": [{ "name": "redis-replica", "image": "pulumi/guestbook-redis-replica", "resources": { "requests": { "cpu": "100m", "memory": "100Mi", }, }, "env": [{ "name": "GET_HOSTS_FROM", "value": "dns", # If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to instead access an environment # variable to find the leader's host, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and # uncomment the line below: # value: "env" }], "ports": [{ "container_port": 6379, }], }], }, }, }) redis_replica_service = Service( "redis-replica", metadata={ "name": "redis-replica", "labels": redis_replica_labels }, spec={ "ports": [{ "port": 6379, "target_port": 6379, }], "selector": redis_replica_labels }) # Frontend frontend_labels = { "app": "frontend", } frontend_deployment = Deployment( "frontend", spec={ "selector": { "match_labels": frontend_labels, }, "replicas": 3, "template": { "metadata": { "labels": frontend_labels, }, "spec": { "containers": [{ "name": "php-redis", "image": "pulumi/guestbook-php-redis", "resources": { "requests": { "cpu": "100m", "memory": "100Mi", }, }, "env": [{ "name": "GET_HOSTS_FROM", "value": "dns", # If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to instead access an environment # variable to find the leader's host, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and # uncomment the line below: # "value": "env" }], "ports": [{ "container_port": 80, }], }], }, }, }) frontend_service = Service( "frontend", metadata={ "name": "frontend", "labels": frontend_labels, }, spec={ "type": "LoadBalancer" if useLoadBalancer else "ClusterIP", "ports": [{ "port": 80 }], "selector": frontend_labels, }) frontend_ip = "" if useLoadBalancer: ingress = frontend_service.status.apply(lambda status: status["load_balancer"]["ingress"][0]) frontend_ip = ingress.apply(lambda ingress: ingress.get("ip", ingress.get("hostname", ""))) else: frontend_ip = frontend_service.spec.apply(lambda spec: spec.get("cluster_ip", "")) pulumi.export("frontend_ip", frontend_ip)// main.go package main import ( appsv1 "github.com/pulumi/pulumi-kubernetes/sdk/v3/go/kubernetes/apps/v1" corev1 "github.com/pulumi/pulumi-kubernetes/sdk/v3/go/kubernetes/core/v1" metav1 "github.com/pulumi/pulumi-kubernetes/sdk/v3/go/kubernetes/meta/v1" "github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v3/go/pulumi" "github.com/pulumi/pulumi/sdk/v3/go/pulumi/config" ) func main() { pulumi.Run(func(ctx *pulumi.Context) error { // Initialize config conf := config.New(ctx, "") // Create only services of type `ClusterIP` // for clusters that don't support `LoadBalancer` services useLoadBalancer := conf.GetBool("useLoadBalancer") redisLeaderLabels := pulumi.StringMap{ "app": pulumi.String("redis-leader"), } // Redis leader Deployment _, err := appsv1.NewDeployment(ctx, "redis-leader", &appsv1.DeploymentArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Labels: redisLeaderLabels, }, Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpecArgs{ Selector: &metav1.LabelSelectorArgs{ MatchLabels: redisLeaderLabels, }, Replicas: pulumi.Int(1), Template: &corev1.PodTemplateSpecArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Labels: redisLeaderLabels, }, Spec: &corev1.PodSpecArgs{ Containers: corev1.ContainerArray{ corev1.ContainerArgs{ Name: pulumi.String("redis-leader"), Image: pulumi.String("redis"), Resources: &corev1.ResourceRequirementsArgs{ Requests: pulumi.StringMap{ "cpu": pulumi.String("100m"), "memory": pulumi.String("100Mi"), }, }, Ports: corev1.ContainerPortArray{ &corev1.ContainerPortArgs{ ContainerPort: pulumi.Int(6379), }, }, }}, }, }, }, }) if err != nil { return err } // Redis leader Service _, err = corev1.NewService(ctx, "redis-leader", &corev1.ServiceArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Name: pulumi.String("redis-leader"), Labels: redisLeaderLabels, }, Spec: &corev1.ServiceSpecArgs{ Ports: corev1.ServicePortArray{ corev1.ServicePortArgs{ Port: pulumi.Int(6379), TargetPort: pulumi.Int(6379), }, }, Selector: redisLeaderLabels, }, }) if err != nil { return err } redisReplicaLabels := pulumi.StringMap{ "app": pulumi.String("redis-replica"), } // Redis replica Deployment _, err = appsv1.NewDeployment(ctx, "redis-replica", &appsv1.DeploymentArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Labels: redisReplicaLabels, }, Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpecArgs{ Selector: &metav1.LabelSelectorArgs{ MatchLabels: redisReplicaLabels, }, Replicas: pulumi.Int(2), Template: &corev1.PodTemplateSpecArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Labels: redisReplicaLabels, }, Spec: &corev1.PodSpecArgs{ Containers: corev1.ContainerArray{ corev1.ContainerArgs{ Name: pulumi.String("redis-replica"), Image: pulumi.String("pulumi/guestbook-redis-replica"), Resources: &corev1.ResourceRequirementsArgs{ Requests: pulumi.StringMap{ "cpu": pulumi.String("100m"), "memory": pulumi.String("100Mi"), }, }, Env: corev1.EnvVarArray{ corev1.EnvVarArgs{ Name: pulumi.String("GET_HOSTS_FROM"), Value: pulumi.String("dns"), }, }, Ports: corev1.ContainerPortArray{ &corev1.ContainerPortArgs{ ContainerPort: pulumi.Int(6379), }, }, }}, }, }, }, }) if err != nil { return err } // Redis replica Service _, err = corev1.NewService(ctx, "redis-replica", &corev1.ServiceArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Name: pulumi.String("redis-replica"), Labels: redisReplicaLabels, }, Spec: &corev1.ServiceSpecArgs{ Ports: corev1.ServicePortArray{ corev1.ServicePortArgs{ Port: pulumi.Int(6379), }, }, Selector: redisReplicaLabels, }, }) if err != nil { return err } frontendLabels := pulumi.StringMap{ "app": pulumi.String("frontend"), } // Frontend Deployment _, err = appsv1.NewDeployment(ctx, "frontend", &appsv1.DeploymentArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Labels: frontendLabels, }, Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpecArgs{ Selector: &metav1.LabelSelectorArgs{ MatchLabels: frontendLabels, }, Replicas: pulumi.Int(1), Template: &corev1.PodTemplateSpecArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Labels: frontendLabels, }, Spec: &corev1.PodSpecArgs{ Containers: corev1.ContainerArray{ corev1.ContainerArgs{ Name: pulumi.String("php-redis"), Image: pulumi.String("pulumi/guestbook-php-redis"), Resources: &corev1.ResourceRequirementsArgs{ Requests: pulumi.StringMap{ "cpu": pulumi.String("100m"), "memory": pulumi.String("100Mi"), }, }, Env: corev1.EnvVarArray{ corev1.EnvVarArgs{ Name: pulumi.String("GET_HOSTS_FROM"), Value: pulumi.String("dns"), }, }, Ports: corev1.ContainerPortArray{ &corev1.ContainerPortArgs{ ContainerPort: pulumi.Int(80), }, }, }}, }, }, }, }) if err != nil { return err } // Frontend Service var frontendServiceType string if useLoadBalancer { frontendServiceType = "LoadBalancer" } else { frontendServiceType = "ClusterIP" } frontendService, err := corev1.NewService(ctx, "frontend", &corev1.ServiceArgs{ Metadata: &metav1.ObjectMetaArgs{ Labels: frontendLabels, Name: pulumi.String("frontend"), }, Spec: &corev1.ServiceSpecArgs{ Type: pulumi.String(frontendServiceType), Ports: corev1.ServicePortArray{ corev1.ServicePortArgs{ Port: pulumi.Int(80), }, }, Selector: frontendLabels, }, }) if err != nil { return err } if useLoadBalancer { ctx.Export("frontendIP", frontendService.Status.ApplyT(func(status *corev1.ServiceStatus) *string { ingress := status.LoadBalancer.Ingress[0] if ingress.Hostname != nil { return ingress.Hostname } return ingress.Ip })) } else { ctx.Export("frontendIP", frontendService.Spec.ApplyT(func(spec *corev1.ServiceSpec) *string { return spec.ClusterIP })) } return nil }) }//MyStack.cs using Pulumi; using Pulumi.Kubernetes.Types.Inputs.Core.V1; using Pulumi.Kubernetes.Types.Inputs.Apps.V1; using Pulumi.Kubernetes.Types.Inputs.Meta.V1; class Guestbook : Stack { public Guestbook() { // Create only services of type `ClusterIP` // for clusters that don't support `LoadBalancer` services var config = new Config(); var useLoadBalancer = config.GetBoolean("useLoadBalancer") ?? false; // // REDIS LEADER. // var redisLeaderLabels = new InputMap<string> { {"app", "redis-leader"} }; var redisLeaderDeployment = new Pulumi.Kubernetes.Apps.V1.Deployment("redis-leader", new DeploymentArgs { Spec = new DeploymentSpecArgs { Selector = new LabelSelectorArgs { MatchLabels = redisLeaderLabels }, Template = new PodTemplateSpecArgs { Metadata = new ObjectMetaArgs { Labels = redisLeaderLabels }, Spec = new PodSpecArgs { Containers = { new ContainerArgs { Name = "redis-leader", Image = "redis", Resources = new ResourceRequirementsArgs { Requests = { {"cpu", "100m"}, {"memory", "100Mi"} } }, Ports = { new ContainerPortArgs {ContainerPortValue = 6379} } } } } } } }); var redisLeaderService = new Pulumi.Kubernetes.Core.V1.Service("redis-leader", new ServiceArgs { Metadata = new ObjectMetaArgs { Name = "redis-leader", Labels = redisLeaderDeployment.Metadata.Apply(metadata => metadata.Labels), }, Spec = new ServiceSpecArgs { Ports = { new ServicePortArgs { Port = 6379, TargetPort = 6379 }, }, Selector = redisLeaderDeployment.Spec.Apply(spec => spec.Template.Metadata.Labels) } }); // // REDIS REPLICA. // var redisReplicaLabels = new InputMap<string> { {"app", "redis-replica"} }; var redisReplicaDeployment = new Pulumi.Kubernetes.Apps.V1.Deployment("redis-replica", new DeploymentArgs { Spec = new DeploymentSpecArgs { Selector = new LabelSelectorArgs { MatchLabels = redisReplicaLabels }, Template = new PodTemplateSpecArgs { Metadata = new ObjectMetaArgs { Labels = redisReplicaLabels }, Spec = new PodSpecArgs { Containers = { new ContainerArgs { Name = "redis-replica", Image = "pulumi/guestbook-redis-replica", Resources = new ResourceRequirementsArgs { Requests = { {"cpu", "100m"}, {"memory", "100Mi"} } }, // If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to instead access an environment // variable to find the leader's host, change `value: "dns"` to read `value: "env"`. Env = { new EnvVarArgs { Name = "GET_HOSTS_FROM", Value = "dns" }, }, Ports = { new ContainerPortArgs {ContainerPortValue = 6379} } } } } } } }); var redisReplicaService = new Pulumi.Kubernetes.Core.V1.Service("redis-replica", new ServiceArgs { Metadata = new ObjectMetaArgs { Name = "redis-replica", Labels = redisReplicaDeployment.Metadata.Apply(metadata => metadata.Labels) }, Spec = new ServiceSpecArgs { Ports = { new ServicePortArgs { Port = 6379, TargetPort = 6379 }, }, Selector = redisReplicaDeployment.Spec.Apply(spec => spec.Template.Metadata.Labels) } }); // // FRONTEND // var frontendLabels = new InputMap<string> { {"app", "frontend"}, }; var frontendDeployment = new Pulumi.Kubernetes.Apps.V1.Deployment("frontend", new DeploymentArgs { Spec = new DeploymentSpecArgs { Selector = new LabelSelectorArgs { MatchLabels = frontendLabels }, Replicas = 3, Template = new PodTemplateSpecArgs { Metadata = new ObjectMetaArgs { Labels = frontendLabels }, Spec = new PodSpecArgs { Containers = { new ContainerArgs { Name = "php-redis", Image = "pulumi/guestbook-php-redis", Resources = new ResourceRequirementsArgs { Requests = { {"cpu", "100m"}, {"memory", "100Mi"}, }, }, // If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to instead access an environment // variable to find the leaders's host, change `value: "dns"` to read `value: "env"`. Env = { new EnvVarArgs { Name = "GET_HOSTS_FROM", Value = "dns", /* Value = "env"*/ } }, Ports = { new ContainerPortArgs {ContainerPortValue = 80} } } } } } } }); var frontendService = new Pulumi.Kubernetes.Core.V1.Service("frontend", new ServiceArgs { Metadata = new ObjectMetaArgs { Name = "frontend", Labels = frontendDeployment.Metadata.Apply(metadata => metadata.Labels) }, Spec = new ServiceSpecArgs { Type = useLoadBalancer ? "LoadBalancer" : "ClusterIP", Ports = { new ServicePortArgs { Port = 80, TargetPort = 80 } }, Selector = frontendDeployment.Spec.Apply(spec => spec.Template.Metadata.Labels) } }); if (useLoadBalancer) { this.FrontendIp = frontendService.Status.Apply(status => status.LoadBalancer.Ingress[0].Ip ?? status.LoadBalancer.Ingress[0].Hostname); } else { this.FrontendIp = frontendService.Spec.Apply(spec => spec.ClusterIP); } } [Output] public Output<string> FrontendIp { get; set; } }This code creates three Kubernetes Services, each with an associated Deployment. The full Kubernetes object model is available to us, giving us the full power of Kubernetes right away.
(Optional) By default, our frontend Service will be of type
ClusterIP. This will work on Minikube and similar dev/local clusters; however, for most production Kubernetes clusters, we’ll want aLoadBalancerService to ensure a load balancer gets allocated in your target cloud environment.The above code uses configuration to make this parameterizable. If you’d like our program to use a load balancer, simply run:
$ pulumi config set useLoadBalancer trueIf you’re not sure, it’s safe to skip this step.
Deploying
Now we’re ready to deploy our code. To do so, simply run
pulumi up:$ pulumi upThe command will first show us a complete preview of what will take place, with a confirmation prompt. No changes will have been made yet. It should look something like this:
Previewing update of stack 'k8s-guestbook-dev' Previewing changes: Type Name Plan Info + pulumi:pulumi:Stack k8s-guestbook-k8s-guestbook-dev create + ├─ kubernetes:core:Service redis-leader create + ├─ kubernetes:core:Service redis-replica create + ├─ kubernetes:core:Service frontend create + ├─ kubernetes:apps:Deployment redis-leader create + ├─ kubernetes:apps:Deployment redis-replica create + └─ kubernetes:apps:Deployment frontend create info: 7 changes previewed: + 7 resources to create Do you want to perform this update? > yes no detailsLet’s select “yes” and hit enter. The deployment will proceed, and the output will look like this:
Updating stack 'k8s-guestbook-dev' Performing changes: Type Name Status Info + pulumi:pulumi:Stack k8s-guestbook-k8s-guestbook-dev created + ├─ kubernetes:core:Service redis-replica created 1 info message + ├─ kubernetes:core:Service frontend created 1 info message + ├─ kubernetes:core:Service redis-leader created 1 info message + ├─ kubernetes:apps:Deployment redis-leader created + ├─ kubernetes:apps:Deployment redis-replica created + └─ kubernetes:apps:Deployment frontend created Diagnostics: kubernetes:core:Service: redis-replica info: ✅ Service 'redis-replica' successfully created endpoint objects kubernetes:core:Service: frontend info: ✅ Service 'frontend' successfully created endpoint objects kubernetes:core:Service: redis-leader info: ✅ Service 'redis-leader' successfully created endpoint objects ---outputs:--- frontendIP: "10.102.193.86" info: 7 changes performed: + 7 resources created Update duration: 16.226520447s Permalink: https://app.pulumi.com/joeduffy/k8s-guestbook-dev/updates/1Viewing the Guestbook
The application is now running in our cluster. Let’s inspect our cluster state to validate the deployment.
Use
kubectlto see the deployed services:$ kubectl get servicesWe should see entries for each of the four Services we’ve created in our program:
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE frontend ClusterIP 10.102.193.86 <none> 80/TCP 2m kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1d redis-leader ClusterIP 10.98.205.37 <none> 6379/TCP 2m redis-replica ClusterIP 10.96.9.70 <none> 6379/TCP 2mThe
pulumi stack outputcommand prints exported program variables:$ pulumi stack output frontendIPThe value of the
frontendIPvariable matches eitherfrontend’sCLUSTER-IP(if you’re deploying withuseLoadBalancerset tofalse) orfrontend’sEXTERNAL-IP(if you’re deploying withuseLoadBalancerset totrue). For example:10.102.193.86Now let’s see our guestbook application in action.
Without a
LoadBalancerAs our example above uses
ClusterIP, in order to access it in a browswer over HTTP, we must first forward a port local port onlocalhostto it . To do so, run:$ kubectl port-forward svc/frontend 8765:80At this point, we can view our running guestbook application:
$ curl localhost:8765The HTML from the guestbook will be fetched and printed:
<html ng-app="redis"> <head> <title>Guestbook</title> ... </html>With a
LoadBalancerIf you are instead running this program in a full-featured production cluster, and set
useLoadBalancertotruein step 3, then you can simply access your guestbook application with:$ curl $(pulumi stack output frontendIP)The HTML from the guestbook will be fetched and printed:
<html ng-app="redis"> <head> <title>Guestbook</title> ... </html>We’re almost done. To demonstrate incremental updates, however, Let’s make an update to our program to scale the frontend from 3 replicas to 5. Find the line:
replicas: 3,and change it to:
replicas: 5,Or simply run
sed -i "s/replicas: 3/replicas: 5/g" index.ts."replicas": 3,and change it to:
"replicas": 5,Or simply run
sed -i "s/\"replicas\": 3/\"replicas\": 5/g" __main__.py.Replicas: pulumi.Int(3),and change it to:
Replicas: pulumi.Int(5),Or simply run
sed -i "s/Replicas = pulumi\.Int(3)/Replicas = pulumi\.Int(5)/g" main.go.Replicas = 3,and change it to:
Replicas = 5,Or simply run
sed -i "s/Replicas = 3/Replicas = 5/g" MyStack.cs.Now all we need to do is run
pulumi up, and Pulumi will figure out the minimal set of changes to make:$ pulumi up -y --skip-previewThe output from running this command should look something like this:
Updating stack 'k8s-guestbook-dev' Performing changes: Type Name Plan Info * pulumi:pulumi:Stack k8s-guestbook-k8s-guestbook-dev no change ~ └─ kubernetes:apps:Deployment frontend updated changes: ~ spec info: 1 change performed: ~ 1 resource updated 6 resources unchangedCleaning Up
Feel free to experiment. As soon as you’re done, let’s clean up and destroy the resources and remove our stack:
$ pulumi destroy --yes $ pulumi stack rm --yesAfterwards, query the list of pods to verify that none are remaining:
$ kubectl get podsIf your cluster is empty, you will see output along the following lines:
No resources found.Of course, if you have other applications deployed, you should still see them, but not the guestbook.